## Principle curvature of translator

Suppose ${\Sigma\subset\mathbb{R}^{3}}$ is a translator in ${e_{3}}$ direction. Denote ${V=e_{3}^T}$ and ${A}$ is the second fundamental form of ${\Sigma}$. Then it is well known that

$\displaystyle \Delta A+\nabla_VA+|A|^2A=0 \ \ \ \ \ (1)$

Choose a local orthonormal frame ${\{\tau_1,\tau_2\}}$ such that ${A(\tau_1,\tau_1)=\lambda}$, ${A(\tau_2,\tau_2)=\mu}$ and ${A(\tau_1,\tau_2)=0}$ in the neighborhood of some point ${p}$. We want to change (1) to some expression on ${\lambda}$ or ${\mu}$. To do that, we need to apply both sides of (1) to ${\tau_1,\tau_1}$, getting

$\displaystyle (\nabla_VA)(\tau_1,\tau_1)=\nabla_V \lambda-2A(\nabla_V \tau_1,\tau_1)=\nabla_V\lambda \ \ \ \ \ (2)$

where we have used ${\nabla_V\tau_1\perp \tau_1}$. Similarly

$\displaystyle (\nabla_{\tau_k} A)(\tau_1,\tau_1)=\nabla_{\tau_k}\lambda$

$\displaystyle (\nabla_{\tau_k}A)(\tau_1,\tau_2)=(\lambda-\mu)\langle \nabla_{\tau_k}\tau_1,\tau_2\rangle$

Now let us calculate the Laplacian of second fundamental form

$\displaystyle (\nabla_{\tau_k}^2A)(\tau_k,\tau_1)=\tau_k(\nabla_{\tau_k}\lambda)-2(\nabla_{\tau_k}A)(\nabla_{\tau_k}\tau_1,\tau_1)-(\nabla_{\tau_k}\tau_k)\lambda$

$\displaystyle =\tau_1(\nabla_{\tau_1}\lambda)-2\frac{(\nabla_{\tau_k}A)(\tau_1,\tau_2)^2}{\lambda-\mu}.$

Then

$\displaystyle (\Delta A)(\tau_1,\tau_1)=(\nabla_{\tau_k}^2A)(\tau_k,\tau_1)= \Delta \lambda-2\frac{\sum_{k=1}^2|A_{12,k}|^2}{\lambda-\mu}.$

Combining all the above estimates to (1), we get

$\displaystyle \Delta \lambda+\nabla_V\lambda+|A|^2\lambda-2\sum_{k=1}^2\frac{|A_{12,k}|^2}{\lambda-\mu}=0.$

where we write ${A_{12,k}=(\nabla_{\tau_k}A)(\tau_1,\tau_2)}$. Using this equation and the other one on ${\mu}$, one can derive that if ${\Sigma}$ is mean convex then it is actually convex.